Persistently high blood glucose can damage the small retinal blood vessels. Vision may remain normal in early stages, which is why regular examinations are so important.
How can it affect vision?
The disease may cause leakage, swelling of the macula, bleeding, and abnormal vessel growth. Advanced disease may lead to vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment.
Are there symptoms?
Blurred vision, spots, difficulty seeing at night, and visual loss can occur, but waiting for symptoms is risky. Examination timing depends on the type and duration of diabetes, pregnancy, metabolic control, and previous findings.
How can risk be reduced?
Managing glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol; avoiding smoking; and following medical guidance can reduce progression risk. Eye treatment may include laser, intraocular medication, or surgery when indicated.
Treatment is individual
There is no single plan for every patient. A specialist evaluates each eye, the presence of macular edema, and the stage of disease before recommending treatment.